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Ethical Considerations in Developing Precision Medicine in a Low- and Middle-Income Nation: Malaysia’s Perspectives

Mohammad Firdaus Bin Abdul Aziz, a member of the steering committee, presented on "Ethical considerations in developing precision medicine in a low- and middle-income nation: Malaysia’s perspectives" at the Oxford Global Health & Bioethics International Conference on 26-27 June 2023. Malaysia initiated its National Precision Initiatives (PMI) in 2020, aiming to fully implement precision medicine (PM) as the primary healthcare choice by 2027. However, with only four years remaining, there is limited knowledge about the current status of PM development in Malaysia and its ethical challenges. To address this gap, a preliminary focus group meeting, involving a small group of experts, was conducted in 2022. The aim was to uncover the existing PM implementation and assess the relevance of globally discussed ethical challenges in the local context. The findings indicated a lack of awareness about PMI, with current PM implementation concentrated in Oncology. Malaysia faces unique challenges, notably a shortage of crucial expertise like genetic counselors due to brain drain. Using these preliminary findings, the presentation outlined plans to formulate more context-specific questions for a larger forum involving additional experts and stakeholders. The forthcoming paper will delve into the ethical challenges specific to Malaysia's context, considering its status as a low- and middle-income nation. The research aims to contribute valuable insights to guide policymakers and authorities in navigating the ethical dimensions of developing precision medicine in Malaysia.